Belleville Washer Installation & Belleville Washer Uses

Should I Stack Belleville Washers?

A single Belleville washer provides specific load and deflection, while stacking two or more conical spring washers creates an increase in load and deflection. Remember, while spring washers are very versatile and can be stacked in several different configurations, the conical washer that is placed against the installation must always have the widest footprint of all the washers. Common methods of stacking disc springs include:

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Parallel Stack

In a parallel stack, washers are all placed in the same direction. The deflection does not increase with this stack, but each added washer increases the load capacity of the stack.

Series Stack

In a series stack, conical washers are placed from top to bottom so that they create a gap in the middle. This stack does not increase the load capacity of the fastener assembly, but it can greatly increase the deflection of the stack by adding a spring-like effect to the washers.

Parallel/Series Stack

A mixed parallel/series stack is when both types of stacks are included in a single fastener assembly. This stack increases both the deflection and load capacity of the assembly and can be arranged to suit almost any application.

How Do I Install a Belleville Washer?

We recommend following these steps when installing Belleville washers:

1. Determine the project load capacity and deflection.
2. Choose the plating/finish options to ensure proper resistance to environmental elements that would otherwise affect performance and longevity.
3. Decide which washer stack will give you the optimal results.
4. Slide the washers onto a bolt in the optimal stack, with the cupped spring washers facing down.
5. Slide the bolt through the installation material with the stack pressing against the installation material. Remember, the base washer must be the widest washer in the stack.
6. Tighten the bolt against the other side of the installation material.
7. If reusing a Belleville washer in a separate application, be sure to inspect it for damage before reuse.

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Also known as a disc spring or cupped spring washer, a Belleville washer is a unique washer-style fastener that’s characterized by a cupped construction. As shown in the image here, Belleville washers don’t lie flat. Rather, they feature a canonical shape in which the inner portion is higher than the lower portion.

Belleville washers are used just like conventional washers by featuring a center hole through which a fastener, such as a bolt, is placed. But their unique canonical shape makes them particularly effective at handling heavy loads while also offering benefits.

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Origins of the Belleville Washer

It’s unknown who invented the Belleville washer or when they did it. With that said, washers with this same canonical shape have been around for over a century.

It’s a common assumption that the Belleville washer was invented by Julien Belleville, but this isn’t necessarily true. The Belleville washer is, in fact, named after Julien Belleville, but he didn’t necessarily this canonical-shaped washer. Julien Belleville filed a patent for a cupped, spring washer during the 1860s in France. However, canonical-shaped washers had been around for several decades prior to his patent. Regardless of its origins, Belleville washers have since become a popular choice for high-stress applications requiring the use of a washer.

How Belleville Washers Work

The purpose of a Belleville washer is to absorb loads by acting as a spring. When a load is applied a Belleville washer, the washer compresses. At the same time, the Belleville washer exerts an equal amount of force against the object. This means Belleville washers can handle larger, heavier loads that aren’t possible with conventional washers.

Depending on the application, multiple Belleville washers can be used to create greater resistance against heavy loads. Rather than using a single Belleville washer, you can use two or three Belleville washers. The stack of Belleville washers creates multiple springs, each of which acts against the object.

In addition to handling heavy loads, Belleville washers are able to absorb vibrations. Many vehicles, for example, use Belleville washers for this reason. Vibrations can often knock conventional washers loose, but this isn’t a problem with Belleville washers because of their canonical shape. Even under constant vibrations, a Belleville washer shouldn’t come loose.

Belleville washers are suitable for all applications. But their canonical shape and spring-like characteristics make them ideal for handling heavy loads and absorbing vibrations.

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