What Is a Hydraulic Compressor Machine? - Gas Pro

The oil and gas industry requires safe and productive solutions for exploration, production, movement, refining, and the processing of crude oil and gas products. High-quality machinery is essential for siphoning crude oil from the earth and for the refinement and distillation processes needed to create gasoline, plastics, asphalt, and other essential petroleum-based products. This is where the hydraulic compressor machine shines.

What is a Hydraulic Compressor?

In the oil and gas industry, a compressor is a mechanical device that reduces the volume of a liquid or gas to increase its pressure. It is used at processing plants, field nodes, and inlets of the pipeline. Hydraulic compressors are powerful and lightweight deck-mounted compressors used for low volume and high differential pressure applications such as vapor recovery, gas well boosting, and casing gas.

Types of Hydraulic Compressors

There are two main types of hydraulic compressors: positive displacement and dynamic.

Positive Displacement Compressors

Positive displacement compressors draw atmospheric air into one or more compression chambers. These chambers are then closed from the inlet. As the volume of each chamber decreases, the air is compressed internally until the pressure reaches the designed ratio. The valve opens, and the air is discharged into the outlet system.

• Reciprocating Compressors:

  These are the most commonly used positive displacement compressors because they can handle all volume capacities and pressures. There are two designs: single-stage and two-stage.

  • Single-stage:

    With a single-stage compressor, the air is drawn into the cylinder and compressed in a single stroke. The compressed gas is then transferred to a storage tank.

  • Two-stage:

    A two-stage design employs an extra piston and is capable of higher pressure levels.

• Rotary Compressors:

  These are positive displacement machines in which the compression and displacement are achieved through rotating elements. The two main types are vane and screw compressors.

  • Vane Compressors:

    These compressors use rotating, fan-like blades called vanes to compress hydraulic materials. The size and shape of the vanes determine the strength of the pressure. Multiple vanes are combined to create complex compressors of any size.

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  • Screw Compressors:

    These are positive displacement machines with distinct working phases: suction, compression, and discharge. Two counter-rotating helical screws are arranged in a compressor casing, with gas inlet and discharge nozzles at opposite ends.

Dynamic Compressors

Dynamic compressors operate at a constant pressure, but their performance is affected by external conditions, such as changes in inlet temperatures. Air is drawn between the blades of a rapidly rotating compression impeller, accelerating to high velocity. The gas is then discharged through a diffuser, where kinetic energy is transformed into static pressure. These compressors are designed for large-volume flow rates and are called radial or axial compressors based on the main direction of gas flow.

• Axial Flow Compressors:

  These compressors use multiple vanes to increase the machine's compression capabilities. They are often used in high-volume situations where a single rotary vane is insufficient. They have a high-efficiency rate but are more expensive than other compressor types.

• Centrifugal Compressors:

  These compressors slow and cool incoming air through a diffuser to build up potential energy. Due to their multi-phase compression process, they can produce a high amount of energy in a relatively small machine. They require less maintenance than reciprocating compressors, and some types can produce oil-free air.

Which Hydraulic Compressor Machine Is Right for My Application?

The selection of compressor technology depends on the application. As a rule of thumb, dynamic compression technology is best suited for baseload requirements, while positive displacement compression is better for variable loads. For larger flows and variable demand applications, a combination of both technologies helps optimize compressed air usage while reducing energy consumption. You also need to consider the initial purchase price, ease and cost of maintenance, size, availability, airflow, and longevity.

Gaspro offers low-cost, low-maintenance hydraulic-driven compressor units for low volume and high differential pressure applications, including reciprocating compressors (single-stage and two-stage) and rotary vane compressors. This equipment captures gas at a low flow rate, eliminating the need for venting or flaring and improving well economics and efficiency. Gaspro Compression Corp has a dedicated team that takes pride in their work. We strive to provide dependable products and prompt service to all clients. We continuously improve and innovate our products to meet changing industry demands. Gaspro is a leading provider of compressor packages in Canada. Contact us to request a proposal.

Can an AC Compressor Be Used as a Hydraulic Pump?

No, the clearances, compression ratio, and valves of an AC compressor are not designed for use as a hydraulic pump.

If you need a hydraulic pump, consider using a power steering pump, which is available in two types: mechanical (engine or belt-driven) and electric.

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