How Gypsum is Processed | M&C - Mining & Construction

Gypsum ( CaSO4·2H2O) is a natural monoclinic mineral. Its main chemical component is calcium sulfate hydrate, which is widely distributed in salt lake sediments formed by evaporation and extensively used as industrial and building materials.

Definition of Gypsum

Gypsum has been utilized as a construction material since the Neolithic Age. Evidence shows its use in ancient sites from Jericho to the Pyramids of Giza, where gypsum mortar was crucial in binding masonry stones.

Properties of Gypsum

Gypsum can easily be identified by its hardness, cleavage, and solubility in water. Here are some of its properties:

• Name: Gypsum
• Formula: CaSO4·2H2O
• Melting Point: N/A
• Solubility: Soluble in water
• Molecular Weight: 172
• Cleavage: Perfect
• Color: White, colorless, or yellow-red
• Hardness: 2 Mohs
• Density: 2.31 - 2.33 g/cm³
• Crystal Structure: Monoclinic

How is Gypsum Processed

The raw material for gypsum powder is natural gypsum ore. The production process generally involves five stages:

1. Crushing: The mined gypsum ore is fed into a crusher where it's broken into particles smaller than 30mm.
2. Screening: A vibrating screen separates large particles and impurities. Appropriate sizes can be used as cement additives or proceed to the grinding stage.
3. Grinding: Pre-screened gypsum is fed into a grinding mill and the powder is classified for fineness.
4. Calcination: High-temperature hot gases are used to dehydrate gypsum, changing its structure.
5. Storage and Transportation: Finished gypsum powder is stored or transported to produce various gypsum products.

Use of Gypsum

Gypsum is a widely used industrial and building material. Various gypsum products can be prepared depending on the calcination temperature:

• Building Gypsum: Used in construction processes.
• Model Gypsum: Has less impurity, primarily used for ceramics.
• Floor Gypsum: Used for creating molds and decorative items.
• Whitewash Gypsum: Contains chemical admixtures for various applications.

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