4 Advice to Choose a sae 100 r15

When it comes to your hydraulic equipment, it's important to make sure you're using the right hoses. Each use case is different, requiring different specifications for size and diameter, fluid type, temperature, and other considerations like flexibility.

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As you assemble or repair your equipment, ensuring that you follow hydraulic hose standards is a vital part of keeping your hydraulic machinery working safely.

Defining Hydraulic Hose Standards

Depending on where you are, there are several different national and international hydraulic hose standards with varying measurements, tolerances, and parameters. 

For example, the European Norm/Standard (EN) and the International Standards Organization (ISO) both set their hydraulic hose standards, which differ from each other. 

In North America, the typical hydraulic hose standards are set by the Society of Automotive Engineers or SAE. This organization provides a series of hydraulic hose standards in the 100R series, defined under SAE Standard J517. 

The 100R series hydraulic hose standards differentiate the hoses based on their construction and ideal usage conditions, including temperature, pressure, and fluid type. Before we get into the specifics of each hose, let's take a moment to go over the different parts of a hydraulic hose.

Hydraulic Hose Construction

While the specific parameters of every hose are different, they generally define three key aspects of the hose: the tube, the strengthening or reinforcement, and the outer, protective cover.

Tube

The tube that runs along the inside of a hydraulic hose is responsible for actually transporting hydraulic fluid. For that reason, it has to be able to withstand constant contact with hydraulic fluid, including both biodegradable and petroleum-based fluids.

Because the hose is the part that comes into contact with the fluid, it also needs to withstand other factors, including extremes in temperature, corrosion, and tension.

Reinforcement

While the tube is the part that houses hydraulic fluid, the reinforcement is there to strengthen the line, protecting it from any spikes in pressure that may occur. The higher the pressure in the tube, the more support you'll want to prevent it from bursting or leaking. 

Hydraulic hoses come with either textile or steel reinforcement. Textile reinforcement is a woven fabric designed for low-pressure usages, while steel reinforced hoses have either a braided cover around the hose or individual courses of wire wrapped around the tube. 

Wire wraps always come in even-numbered layers, with each successive layer wrapped in the opposite direction of the previous layer.

Cover

The protective outer layer is known as the cover, and this is the first layer of protection from exterior damage. Usually made from synthetic rubber or textile braiding, the cover helps prevent abrasion and corrosion damage and can provide insulation to prevent the tube from being damaged by external heat, cold, or UV damage.

Selecting a Hydraulic Hose

When choosing the right hydraulic hose, you should first pay attention to any documentation with your equipment. These should specify which hoses are appropriate for your equipment and your particular usage.

However, the documentation may not have all of the information you need; you may be adapting the equipment to a new use or simply have to address a change in conditions. In that case, this guide will help you determine which hose is right for you.

As you choose a hose, you should know the specifics of your situation, including your maximum pressure, normal and extreme operating temperatures, and the nature of your application, such as if your hoses will be used in a vehicle or as part of a permanent installation.

Under each number, you'll find information about the reinforcement, as well as the diameter range, the maximum operating pressure (in psi), and the minimum bend radius.

Unless otherwise noted, all hoses contain a tube compatible with both petroleum- and water-based hydraulic fluids, a rubber cover designed to resist oil and weather exposure, and are suited to operate between -40° and 100°C.

SAE Hydraulic Hose Standards 

SAE 100R1

Reinforcement: Single braid steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16' to 2'
Max. Operating Pressure: 575 to 3,250 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 3.5' to 25'
Usage: General use high-pressure hydraulic hose.

SAE 100R2

Reinforcement: Two braids steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16' to 2'
Max. Operating Pressure: 1,150 to 6,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 3.5' to 25'
Usage: Good for outdoor uses like construction and mining, as well as on mobile equipment.

SAE 100R3

Reinforcement: Two braids textile.
Diameter Range: 3/16' to 1-1/4'
Max. Operating Pressure: 375 to 1,500 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 3' to 10'
Usage: General use as a low-pressure hydraulic hose, including antifreeze and hydraulic oil.

SAE 100R4

Reinforcement: Single or more braid textile with spiral wire.
Diameter Range: 3/4' to 4'
Max. Operating Pressure: 35 to 300 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 5' to 24'
Usage: Typically used as suction and return hoses for hydraulic systems.

SAE 100R5

Reinforcement: Two braids textile with steel braid between. Braids have mildew-resistant compounds to resist wear.
Diameter Range: 3/16' to 3-1/16'
Max. Operating Pressure: 35 to 300 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 3' to 33'
Usage: Meant for medium-pressure applications, used in many automotive situations, including air brakes and power steering systems.

SAE 100R6

Reinforcement: Single braid or spiral textile.
Diameter Range: 3/16' to 3/4'
Max. Operating Pressure: 300 to 500 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 2' to 6'
Usage: General use as a low-pressure hydraulic hose.

SAE 100R7

Tube: Thermoplastic.
Temperature: -40° to 93°C
Cover: Thermoplastic.
Reinforcement: Synthetic fiber.
Diameter Range: 1/8' to 1'
Max. Operating Pressure: 1,000 to 3,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 1' to 12'
Usage: Medium-pressure, non-conductive settings where steel reinforcement is not allowed.

SAE 100R8

Tube: Thermoplastic.
Temperature: -40° to 93°C
Cover: Thermoplastic.
Reinforcement: Synthetic fiber.
Diameter Range: 1/8' to 1'
Max. Operating Pressure: 2,000 to 6,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 1' to 12'
Usage: High-pressure, non-conductive settings where steel reinforcement is not allowed.

SAE 100R12

Temperature: -40° to 121°C
Reinforcement: Four steel wire spirals.
Diameter Range: 3/8' to 2'
Max. Operating Pressure: 2,500 to 4,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 5' to 25'
Usage: High-pressure applications in heavy-duty service settings.

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SAE 100R13

Temperature: -40° to 121°C
Reinforcement: Multiple steel wire spirals.
Diameter Range: 3/4' to 2'
Max. Operating Pressure: 5,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 9.5' to 25'
Usage: High-pressure applications, where there is a high likelihood of pressure spikes, like forklifts or construction machinery.

SAE 100R14

Tube: PTFE (Type B hose has conductive inner layer)
Temperature: -54° to 204°C
Reinforcement: Single braid steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16' to 1-1/4' 
Max. Operating Pressure: 600 to 1,500 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 1-1/2' to 16'
Usage: High-pressure applications handling superheated fluids.

SAE 100R15

Temperature: -40° to 121°C
Reinforcement: Multiple steel wire spirals.
Diameter Range: 3/8' to 1-1/2' 
Max. Operating Pressure: 6,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 6' to 21'
Usage: For petroleum-based fluids only. High-pressure applications with steady working pressure, including logging, agriculture, and oilfield equipment.

SAE 100R16

Reinforcement: One or two braids steel.
Diameter Range: 1/4' to 1-1/4'
Max. Operating Pressure: 1,800 to 5,800 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 2' to 8'
Usage: High-pressure applications, where hose needs to be especially flexible.

SAE 100R17

Reinforcement: One or two braids steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16' to 1'
Max. Operating Pressure: 3,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 2' to 6'
Usage: High-pressure applications, rated for general industrial purposes.

SAE 100R18

Tube: Thermoplastic.
Temperature: -40° to 93°C
Cover: Thermoplastic.
Reinforcement: Synthetic fiber
Diameter Range: 1/8' to 1'
Max. Operating Pressure: 3,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 1' to 10'
Usage: High-pressure applications where non-conductive tubes are required.

SAE 100R19

Reinforcement: One or two braids steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16' to 1'
Max. Operating Pressure: 4,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 2' to 6'
Usage: High-pressure applications, rated for general industrial purposes.

A Final Word

While these SAE hydraulic hose standards are widely accepted and used by the industry, SAE does not certify that a product meets them. Ensure that you're purchasing your hydraulic hoses from a reputable vendor to ensure you're getting high-quality merchandise that meets the hydraulic hose standards.

You'll also find that many manufacturers offer products that exceed the SAE hydraulic hose standards, giving you more flexibility when using them in your particular applications. Some hoses have higher temperature or pressure ratings, or they have a tighter bend radius.

MAC Hydraulics Is Your Home for Hydraulic Hoses

Selecting the correct hydraulic hose is critical for ensuring the longevity and performance of your hydraulic systems. Whether you're working on heavy machinery, industrial equipment, or any hydraulic-powered system, choosing the right hose can prevent costly downtime, enhance safety, and improve efficiency. To make the process easier, we'll walk you through a simple guide using the STAMP acronym, a widely recognized method for choosing the perfect hydraulic hose for your application.

STAMP: Your Guide to Selecting the Right Hydraulic Hose

The STAMP acronym stands for Size, Temperature, Application, Media, Pressure, and Delivery. Each factor plays an essential role in ensuring your hydraulic system functions smoothly and reliably. Here's what each letter represents and why it matters:

S ' Size

When choosing a hydraulic hose, the size is one of the first things to consider. The inner diameter (I.D.) of the hose determines the flow rate of the fluid passing through it. A hose that's too small can restrict flow, causing increased pressure and potential system failure. On the other hand, an oversized hose may lead to excessive turbulence and energy loss.

It's crucial to know the flow velocity required for your application, as this will help determine the correct hose size. To ensure the right size, refer to the Flow Capacity Nomogram or consult the Dash Numbers system, which uses sixteenths of an inch to indicate the hose's inner diameter.

T ' Temperature

Both the temperature of the fluid passing through the hose and the surrounding ambient temperature are essential factors. Hydraulic hoses are rated for specific temperature ranges, and exceeding these limits can cause the hose to degrade or burst.

Check the hose specification for the temperature ratings of both the fluid and the ambient environment. For example, Parker hoses feature different temperature ratings depending on the type of fluid used'petroleum-based fluids can withstand higher temperatures compared to water-based fluids. Be sure to select a hose that meets or exceeds the highest temperature your application will encounter.

A ' Application

Understanding your specific application is key to choosing the right hydraulic hose. Ask yourself these questions:

• What equipment is the hose used with?
• Will the hose face exposure to extreme environmental conditions (e.g., abrasion, chemicals)?
• Are there space limitations that require smaller hose sizes or increased flexibility?

Some applications require hoses designed for specific conditions. For instance, abrasive environments might call for hoses with abrasion-resistant covers, while confined spaces may require hoses with a smaller outer diameter for easier routing. Additionally, make sure your hose meets industry standards, such as SAE, EN, or ISO, to ensure reliability and safety.

M ' Media (Fluid Compatibility)

The medium conveyed through the hydraulic hose'such as oil, water, or chemicals'plays a significant role in selecting the right hose. Each type of fluid may have different effects on the hose's materials, so compatibility is crucial.

Always refer to the Chemical Resistance Table to confirm that the inner tube, cover, and fittings are compatible with the fluid you'll be using. This ensures the hose will not degrade, erode, or cause contamination of the system.

P ' Pressure

Hydraulic systems operate under high pressure, so selecting a hose that can withstand both the operating pressure and any pressure spikes is vital. When choosing a hose, ensure that its rated working pressure exceeds the maximum pressure in your system, including any transient pressures caused by surges or spikes.

Remember, a hose assembly's overall pressure rating is determined by the weakest component in the system, whether it's the hose, fittings, or couplings. Always verify the pressure ratings for each part of the assembly.

D ' Delivery (Flow Rate)

The final consideration is the delivery, or the flow rate, of the hydraulic fluid. You need to select a hose with an inner diameter that allows for adequate fluid delivery, while maintaining the right pressure and minimizing turbulence. If the flow rate is too high, the system may suffer from pressure loss, causing excessive heat buildup and potential damage to the hose.

Practical Tips for Choosing the Right Hydraulic Hose

Now that you're familiar with the STAMP method, let's look at some specific hose types and applications:

1. SAE Standard Hoses: These are commonly used across various industries and come in different configurations, such as low-pressure (SAE 100R4), medium-pressure (SAE 100R7), and high-pressure (SAE 100R13) hoses. Depending on your system's needs, you may choose a hose that meets the SAE standard for your required pressure and fluid type.

2. Low-Pressure Hoses: For applications such as return lines and anti-static lines, SAE 100R4 or 100R6 hoses are ideal. They offer flexibility and durability for lower pressure systems.

3. Thermoplastic Hydraulic Hoses: These thermoplastic hoses are used in medium-pressure applications, like construction equipment and hydraulic lifts. They are more flexible than rubber hoses and perform well in low-temperature environments.

4. Spiral Steel Wire Hydraulic Hoses: Spiral Steel Wire Hydraulic Hoses are ideal for high-pressure applications, these hoses are reinforced with multiple layers of steel wire and are perfect for heavy-duty machinery used in agriculture, logging, and mining.

Final Thoughts

Choosing the right hydraulic hose is essential to ensure the efficiency and safety of your hydraulic systems. By following the STAMP method'Size, Temperature, Application, Media, Pressure, and Delivery'you can confidently select the hose that best meets your application's needs.

Don't forget to always check manufacturer specifications and consult with experts when necessary to avoid any missteps. A well-chosen hydraulic hose can prevent system failures, reduce maintenance costs, and enhance performance over the long term.

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