Leaf Spring vs Coil Spring Suspension

What are Leaf Spring Suspensions?

Leaf springs, as the name suggests, utilize long strips of steel &#;leaves&#; that are secured to the vehicle&#;s frame at either end, and the axle is suspended from them at the middle. The springing action is provided by the leaves compressing and rebounding in response to the movements of the axle, as communicated by the tire and wheel that is rolling along the surface.

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Leaf springs offer superior load-carrying capabilities, which is why you&#;ll find them, particularly at the rear axle, of heavy-duty vehicles such as larger pickup trucks and commercial vehicles. The flex of a leaf spring under load is far lower than a coil spring, and leaf springs are far more durable and less prone to breakage. However, this reduced flex also means that you can encounter a situation on an off-roader where a wheel leaves the ground under extreme axle articulation.

The simplicity of the leaf spring system also means that it&#;s easier to increase or lower the ride height of a vehicle that&#;s equipped with them. However, this also limits the scope for suspension tuning, as the springs are attached to fixed points on the chassis. You can&#;t adjust suspension geometry as easily as you could with a coil spring.

Finally, leaf springs can be uncomfortable for passengers, as they tend to bounce more and absorb road impacts less. This is most apparent when the vehicle is loaded to less than half its capacity.

1. Leaf Springs

Leaf springs are a common suspension component in vehicles. They consist of several metal plates stacked together to form an arc shape. When the vehicle passes over bumps, the metal plates are flattened to absorb the impact. After the bump, the plates bounce back into shape due to their elasticity.

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Leaf springs have several important parameters. Their length ranges from just a couple feet on small vehicles to over 5 feet on heavy trailer-s. Thickness can vary from 3-5mm for cars to 10-15mm for heavy vehicles. The plates are commonly made from alloy steels for strength and durability.

Leaf springs offer some advantages in suspension design. First, they have a simple and robust construction. The stacked metal plates are strong enough to support heavy vehicle weight. Leaf springs also cost less to manufacture than other suspension types. However, leaf springs also come with some drawbacks.

The ride in leaf-spring vehicles tends to be bumpy with significant vibration. This is because the stiffness of the stacked plates cannot absorb impacts as effectively. Metal fatigue can set in over time, causing the springs to permanently lose their shape and sag. Leaf springs can also contribute to sliding during hard braking or turning, as they allow more unspring vehicle weight.

Overall, leaf springs are simple and durable but compromise on ride comfort. They are best for heavy commercial vehicles where extreme loads outweigh ride quality factors. For passenger cars, other suspension types now prevail.

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