What are the different types of slurry pumps?

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A slurry pump belongs to the category of centrifugal pumps. In principle, a slurry pump is a machine that uses centrifugal force (generated by the rotation of the pump's impeller) to enhance the energy of a solid-liquid mixed medium, thereby converting electrical energy into kinetic and potential energy of the medium.

In the marketplace, a plethora of slurry pump types and models exist. These pumps are extensively utilized for slurry transport in metallurgical concentrators, hydraulic ash handling in thermal power plants, coal slurry and heavy media transportation in coal washing plants, slurry elevation in sand washing plants, river dredging, among others.

Key Categories of Slurry Pumps

There are 4 primary types of slurry pumps:

• Horizontal Slurry Pump

• Vertical Slurry Pump

• Submerged Slurry Pump

• Submersible Slurry Pump

Horizontal Centrifugal Slurry Pump

A pump is termed a Horizontal Slurry Pump when its shaft position is parallel to the horizontal plane. This pump is a single-stage, single-suction axial suction cantilever horizontal centrifugal pump, characterized by highly durable and wear-resistant materials for the over-flow components. Depending on different suction media, filter components made from various materials can be interchanged.

Horizontal slurry pumps are apt for transporting highly abrasive, high concentration, corrosive large or fine particle slurry. This series is widely used in industries such as metallurgy, mining, electric power, and coal mines to transport abrasive slurry containing a substantial amount of solid particles.

Vertical Slurry Pump for Diverse Applications

When the pump shaft stands perpendicular to the horizontal plane, it's identified as a Vertical Slurry Pump. Typically, this pump is used in slurry pools to pump the slurry, with the pump head situated below the liquid level, thus also referred to as the Submerged Slurry Pump. However, not the entire pump is submerged in water; if the motor and other non-pump head components are also placed in the slurry, it is termed a Submersible Slurry Pump.

Vertical slurry pumps are predominantly used for conveying corrosive, coarse particles and high concentration slurries.

Immersed Submerged Slurry Pump

The Submerged Slurry Pump is a vertical single-stage single-suction cantilever centrifugal pump with a semi-open impeller. An agitator blade is mounted at the suction edge extension of the impeller.

Submerged slurry pumps are primarily utilized in municipal engineering, paper mills, cement factories, printing, dyeing, and other industries to pump slurries, quicksand, sludge, and other fluids.

Coaxial Submersible Slurry Pump

The Submersible Slurry Pump combines the pump and the motor into a single unit, with the motor being submerged into the slurry. There is no need for complex ground fixtures and protective measures. The motor is safeguarded by a mechanical seal that effectively prevents high-pressure water and impurities from entering the motor cavity. The stirring impeller directly contacts the deposition surface, controlling slurry concentration by its diving depth, thereby allowing the slurry to flow into the pump automatically and saving energy.

Submersible slurry pumps are suitable for transporting slurry containing abrasive particles like sand, cinder, tailings, and are primarily used in metallurgy, electric power, river dredging, sand extraction, municipal mud processing, and other industries.

Foundational Structure of a Slurry Pump

1. Pump Head
The pump body features a double-layer metal structure both inside and out and can be installed in 8 different positions with 45-degree intervals.

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To effectively prevent shaft seal leakage, a combination of power seals, packing seals, or mechanical seals is employed.
Labyrinth clearance seals between the impeller and back guard plate greatly reduce slurry leakage to the stuffing box, ensuring seal reliability.

2. Bracket Structure
The bracket structure is divided into horizontal split and barrel types. Proper selection of bearing type, model, cooling, and lubrication mode ensures even distribution of radial and axial forces, extending bearing life.

3. Shaft Seal
The shaft seal provides sealing between the pump body and the shaft, preventing air entry into the pump and excessive water leakage. Sealing types include auxiliary impeller power seal + packing seal, packing seal, and mechanical seal.

4. Bearing Assembly
The slurry pump’s bearing assembly uses a cylinder structure, facilitating easy adjustment of the impeller-clearance and complete removal during maintenance. The bearing is grease-lubricated.

5. Driving Device
Options include elastic coupling drive, narrow V-belt drive, gear drive, and variable frequency drive.

Operational Mechanics of a Slurry Pump

The core principle behind a slurry pump's operation is the action of centrifugal force. Slurry/mud is expelled from the impeller's center towards its edges, gaining energy. This energy transition allows the slurry to exit the impeller's outer edge at high speed, entering the volute pump shell where velocity diminishes, converting kinetic energy into static pressure, ultimately reaching the discharge pipe with higher pressure, directed to desired locations.

With the slurry moving from the impeller's center to its edge, a vacuum occurs at the impeller's center, continuously drawing slurry into the impeller due to pressure differences, ensuring seamless slurry feed.

Guidelines for Choosing the Ideal Slurry Pump

Selecting the right slurry pump critically impacts pump longevity and cost efficiency. Key considerations include the type of slurry pump, performance parameters, material choice for overflow components, sealing type, and transmission mode. Here are 7 steps to choose the best slurry pump for your application:

1. Determine the type of slurry pump based on site conditions. Horizontal pumps suit certain pressure imports, while vertical pumps are best for mud pools.

2. Assess slurry acidity to decide on materials for overflow parts, e.g., acidity requires A49, Cr30, or natural rubber.

3. Motor selection should be 1.2 times the pump’s shaft power due to potential friction losses and operational overloads.

4. Select sealing mode: packing seal, pressure relief cover auxiliary impeller seal, and mechanical seal.

5. Choose the drive type from options like V-shaped belt drive, elastic coupling, gear reducer, hydraulic coupler, frequency conversion, or SCR speed regulation.

6. Based on flow and head parameters provided by users, select the appropriate slurry pump using the water performance curve, then calculate motor power.

7. Confirm the working site's footprints with users, design installation drawings, and provide installation precautions.

Essential Slurry Pump Calculations

Flow (Q): Quantity of liquid discharged per unit time (units: m³/h, m³/s, l/s).
Head (H): Energy gained by unit weight of liquid passing through the pump (unit: m).
Rotation Speed (n): Pump shaft revolutions per minute (unit: r/min).
Shaft Power (P): Power required to drive the pump (unit: KW).
Pump Effective Power (Pe): Product of the pumped liquid’s flow and head.
Slurry Shaft Power (Pm): Shaft power necessary for pumping slurry (unit: KW).
Efficiency (n): Ratio of effective power to shaft power, indicating the pump's power capacity.

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