How Does Railway Fencing Work?

A slide fence is a structural fence designed to physically stop falling rocks from reaching the tracks. The fence is designed to retain a rockslide if possible, but if it is displaced by such it also can cause the signaling system to display a restrictive aspect to approaching trains.[1]

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Operation

Mechanical

The mechanical slide fence parallel to the rails consists of a series of tensioned wires strung about 10 inches (25 cm) apart on poles. When a rock slide occurs, one or more of the wires may break, allowing heavy weights attached to either end to drop. This triggers the protecting signals to the 'danger' position.

Electrical

There are two types of electrical slide fences in operation, as described in section 5.1.12 of the AREMA C&S Manual.[2]

One type of electrical slide fence consists of a series of parallel conductive wires strung about 8 inches (20 cm) apart on poles that create a fence parallel to the rails. An electrical circuit through these wires is monitored by signaling equipment. In normal operation, the electric current in the fence wires continuously energizes a relay, sending an indication that the fence is intact. If a rock slide occurs, one or more of the wires is broken, interrupting the current. This allows the relay to open, indicating that a slide has occurred thus causing the approaching signals to display a stop or slow aspect.[2] Restoring normal operation requires splicing the broken fence wires back together after the right of way has been cleared.

Another type of slide fence is similar except that the wires do not have to break and thus it is easier to maintain and reset. This slide fence consists of a series of fence sections, typically as shown in the SLIDE FENCE DETAIL drawing (pictured right). Each fence section is held in place by strong springs. At each end are electro-mechanical plugs, which maintain a continuous electrical circuit that is monitored by signaling equipment. In normal operation, the current through the plugs energizes a relay, thus indicating that the fence is in place. When a rock slide occurs, the fence moves laterally, causing a plug to pull out. This breaks the circuit, allowing the relay to denergize thus preventing the approaching signals from displaying unrestricted aspects.[2]

Structural fence

The structural fence is a physical barrier designed to stop falling rocks from reaching the tracks. Several methods are used, including steel I-beams, wooden barriers, and galvanized fencing. Alternatively, netting can be installed directly against the rock.

Where used

North America

A slide fence is typically found in a rock-cut area, where rocks could fall on the track and present a danger to approaching trains. The length of the fence may range from 100 feet (30 meters) to several miles (kilometers), depending on the length of the rock cut and the area being protected. The slide fence is usually located on the uphill side of the track in the slide area.

Europe

Used extensively throughout French Alps, where passenger trains routinely travel at speeds in excess of 200kph through areas prone to rock slides. In many locations, structures have been installed as a roof over the tracks to allow rock falls to occur without effect, but in many others these fences are in use.

Consequences of slide fence activation

When a train approaches a slide fence area and the signal displays a restrictive aspect, the train is not permitted to proceed normally because a rock slide may have occurred. However, the slide may not prevent the safe passage of the train. For example, a large rock may have fallen off the cliff, broken through the slide fence, and continued to fall away from the track. After stopping, the train may obtain permission from the dispatch center to proceed slowly, watching for a dangerous rock slide. If the train is able to successfully pass through the slide area (that is, there is no remaining danger), that train will then be allowed to proceed normally. However, once the slide fence has been activated (even if in error), all trains must traverse the area with caution until the fence is repaired by maintenance personnel. This may result in several hours of delay in train service.

In North America slide fences are typically connected in such a way as to shunt the track circuit when activated. This causes signals on either side of the slide fence to display a restricting indication, requiring trains to travel at a speed enabling them to stop within one-half the range of vision. On lines formerly operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad, signals connected to a slide detector have an 'SP' placard, reminding engineers to watch for slides when governed by any restrictive speed signal.

Alternatives

Several alternative technologies have been tried to solve the rock slide problem, including:

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• Acoustic sensing[3][4]
• Avalanche control
• Electromagnetic sensing[5]
• Fiber optics buried parallel to ROW[6]
• Seismic sensing[7][4]
• Distributed acoustic sensing[8]
• Visual sensing, using cameras

See also

• Pass of Brander stone signals

Railways play a crucial role in transporting people and goods across the UK. However, along with the benefits, railways also come with risks that need to be mitigated effectively.

One of the essential risk mitigation measures for railways is fencing. In this blog, we will discuss how mesh railway fencing can mitigate these risks.

How can Mesh Fencing Mitigate Risk for Railway Operators & Passengers

Mesh fencing is a type of fencing made from wire mesh that is commonly used in railway properties. It is a cost-effective and durable solution that can provide several benefits for railway operators. Railways are associated with various risks, including accidents, trespassing, theft, and vandalism. Therefore, it is essential to have effective risk mitigation measures in place.

Protection for the Public

One of the significant benefits of mesh fencing is providing protection for the public. Trespassing on railway tracks is illegal and dangerous, as it can lead to accidents resulting in injury or even death. Mesh fencing can prevent unauthorised access to railway tracks, reducing the risk of accidents and protecting the public.

There have been several incidents in the past where people have trespassed on railway tracks, resulting in injuries or fatalities. In , a 12-year-old boy was electrocuted while trespassing on railway tracks in Merseyside. In , a man was killed while trying to cross the railway line between Nottingham and East Midlands Parkway. Such incidents demonstrate the importance of mesh fencing for protecting the public.

Security For The Railway

Another benefit of railway fencing is providing security for the railway. Railway properties are vulnerable to vandalism, theft, and sabotage. Mesh fencing can act as a deterrent and prevent unauthorised access, reducing the risk of security breaches. This can prevent delays and cancellations of railway services, ensuring smooth operations.

There have been several incidents in the past where railways have been targeted by criminals or vandals. In , a group of 6 men were jailed after stealing £700,000 in railway and communications cables in areas such as Hertfordshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Buckingham and London, resulting in significant disruptions to railway services. This is just one of many similar incidents that have occured over the years which highlight the importance of mesh fencing for providing security to railway properties.

Regulatory Compliance

Regulatory compliance is another critical aspect of fencing on railway properties. The Office of Rail and Road (ORR) sets regulatory requirements for fencing on railway properties in the UK. Compliance with regulations can help prevent legal issues and delays in project development. It is essential for railway operators to ensure that they comply with regulatory requirements.

Benefits of Mesh Fencing for Railways

In addition to providing protection for the public, security for the railway, and regulatory compliance, mesh fencing also offers several benefits for railway operators. It is a cost-effective solution that can be installed quickly and easily. Mesh railway fencing is also durable and requires minimal maintenance. Moreover, mesh fencing can improve the aesthetic appearance of railway properties, enhancing the overall image of the railway.

Conclusion on Railway Fencing

In conclusion, mesh railway fencing is a crucial risk mitigation measure for railways in the UK. It provides protection for the public, security for the railway, and regulatory compliance. Mesh fencing also offers several benefits for railway operators, including cost-effectiveness, ease of installation, and durability.

Railway operators need to prioritise mesh fencing in their risk mitigation plans, and the public needs to be aware of the dangers of railway tracks and the importance of staying within designated areas. By working together, we can ensure the safety and security of the railways in the future.