Conductive Coatings of Cotton Fabric Consisting ...

In the last two decades, e-textiles, including conductive textiles have gained great attention from many researchers due to their widespread applications in biomedical devices, sensing and actuating, data processing and communication, energy conversion and storage, electromagnetic shielding, etc. [ 1 ]. Electrical conductivity is the main requirement for smart and electronic textiles in addition to lightweight property, flexibility and ease of use. Textile materials like cotton fabric have very low electrical conductivity with a typical surface resistivity of 10&#;10Ω/m 2 ], which can be considered as low conductive materials. Thus, making textile materials can be a research direction in the materials science arena. There are several options to make textile materials electrically conductive. By making textile materials electrically conductive, it is possible to replace metal fibers in the form of thin metal filaments that were used previously, which are brittle, heavier and more difficult to process than conventional textile fibers [ 1 ]. Besides, metals have high environmental effect during their synthesis to fiber and their disposal has a polluting effect [ 1 3 ]. The coating of textile fibers and fabrics with metallic salts has also been used as another option, but these have limited stability during laundering [ 4 ]. Some people were using different allotropes of carbons such as graphene [ 2 ], carbon black [ 5 ] and carbon nanotube [ 6 ] to enhance the conductivity of fabric. The level of conductivity of carbon-based coating depend on the purity of carbon [ 7 ], degree of loading [ 5 ] and degree of dispersion [ 8 ] and percolation thresholds [ 9 ]. The development of intrinsically conductive polymers has opened up new possibilities for electrically conductive textile materials [ 10 12 ]. These polymers are conjugated polymers in which electrical conductivity is dramatically increased by means of doping. The doping agent removes the hydrophilic non-conductive parts of the polymer by forming extra bonds with it. That means, in doping, a small amount of chemical agent has been added, and the electronic structure is changed so that the electrical conductivity enhanced. However, the doping process is reversible and involves a redox process [ 13 14 ]. Conductive polymers are available as solid compounds or liquid dispersions or solutions. The liquid versions can easily be applied on to the textile substrate by coating method [ 15 18 ]. Textiles have been frequently coated and printed to get different surface functional properties, of which electrical conductivity gains significance interest for smart textiles application [ 19 ], and surface properties have been characterized. However, there have not been in-depth investigations in the possibilities of applying conductive coatings on the textile by similar methods as used in the textile industry. While this seems straightforward, several technical obstacles must be challenged to realize the successful application of conductive materials.

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