A Brief History of Lithium Ion Battery Development

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The Genesis of Lithium Batteries

For decades, nickel-cadmium batteries were the go-to for portable devices like mobile computers and wireless communication tools. However, the journey of lithium batteries dates back to 1912. It wasn't until the 1970s that non-rechargeable lithium batteries became commercially available.

During the 1970s oil crisis, Stanley Whittingham, an English chemist, began conceptualizing a new type of rechargeable battery. He envisioned a battery that could recharge swiftly, potentially paving the way for future fossil fuel-free energy sources.

Whittingham's experiments with lithium metal and titanium disulfide as electrodes, though promising, highlighted significant safety concerns. The batteries had a tendency to short circuit and catch fire.

The 1980s saw John Goodenough experimenting with lithium cobalt oxide as the cathode, effectively doubling the energy potential. Akira Yoshino then explored using petroleum coke, which led to safer batteries devoid of lithium metal. This era marked the dawn of lithium-ion battery development.

Evolution of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The 1990s saw lithium-ion technology gaining widespread acceptance. Concerns about the safety of lithium-metal batteries led to the exploration and development of lithium-ion alternatives. Although their energy density was marginally lower, lithium-ion batteries offered enhanced safety during charging and discharging, provided safety protocols were followed.

Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium, the lightest metal, boasts the highest electrochemical potential and energy density relative to weight. Lithium-ion batteries offer twice the energy density of nickel-cadmium batteries and hold the promise of even higher densities. They operate at a high cell voltage of 3.6 volts, allowing most mobile phones to run on a single cell.

They are low maintenance, requiring no priming, and have a notably low self-discharge rate, making them ideal for various applications, from mobile devices to power tools. Additionally, lithium-ion batteries do not exhibit the memory effect seen in other battery types, and they lack toxic cadmium, simplifying disposal.

Role of Lithium-Ion Batteries at Hiden Analytical

Hiden Analytical is a leading supplier of mass spectrometers in the UK, catering to academic, commercial, and industrial sectors. Recognizing the crucial role of lithium-ion battery development, Hiden Analytical provides advanced electrochemical gas analysis systems to support future advancements in this field. Their commitment to this technology underscores the importance of lithium-ion batteries in upcoming power revolutions.

To learn more about our involvement in lithium-ion battery development, contact us.

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