The most critical factor in the development of graphite electrodes is the grade of petroleum coke used, as higher grades of the petroleum coke produce higher quality electrodes. In addition to the grade of petroleum coke, several other factors can impact the quality of the graphite electrode and its ability to carry a current such as length, diameter, bulk density, resistance and porosity. For example, lower grades of coke do not allow for an electric current to pass through as easily.

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There are two different types of graphite electrodes available. One type is called “SDGE,” which stands for small diameter graphite electrodes. These electrodes are most commonly used for melting scrap metal and other raw materials and are used in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF). These electrodes carry a current that creates an arc between the electrode and the raw material, causing it to melt.

 

The other electrode type is the “LDGE” or large diameter graphite electrode. These types of graphite electrodes are most commonly used for steel melting in very large EAF’s requiring very high-temperature and high-intensity applications. Unlike small diameter electrodes, whose current carrying capacity ranges from 15,000 to 70,000 amps, the current capacity of LDGEs varies between 60,000 to 160,000 amps.

 

SDGE vs. LDGE

SDGEs are usually manufactured from petroleum coke, regardless of the grade. Some SDGEs are manufactured with high-grade coke, others with a lower grade coke. In fact, some SDGEs are a blend of several different grades. LDGEs on the other hand, are more commonly manufactured with premium, 100% high grade needle coke.

 

There are different grades specified within both electrode types, such as:

• HP – High Power
• HD – High Density
• UHP – Ultra High Power
• SHP – Super High Power

 

There are also other grades including regular power (RP), normal power (NP), and medium power or (MP). However, these grades are less commonly used.

Graphite Electrode Soldering Iron

Graphite electrode is nothing more than a sharp graphite rod, taken from a pile, subject to a support conductor of the current, copper tube, and at a reasonable distance a plastic handle, PVC tube. The handle should be far enough away so that it does not reach so much heat to soften it. Anyway it is clear that PVC is the worst plastic that can be used for this but it was there.

This is a sheet metal welder for almost any metal. It does not require input of material and practically does not admit it unless they are very thin rods. It is not about electric arc welding. What melts the metal is the graphite tip that shortly turns to bright white. What is heated by the current is graphite, not metal, Graphite electrode because the first one has a much greater resistance and dissipates most of the power. It is important that the graphite tip is sharp for two reasons:

The finer the point of contact between the material and the tip more resistance to current and more temperature reach. If it is too thick, heat is transmitted easily from the tip to the soldering iron and a large part of it dissipates without reaching the necessary temperature. The soldering iron only works if it concentrates most of the power at the point to be soldered. Everything has to be thought for that.

The truth is that to have been done in 10 minutes, nothing else came up with the idea, it was pretty good. The way to hold the Graphite electrode was the idea of a friend and is interesting for its simplicity. It involves making two cuts on the edge of the tube longitudinally dividing it into 4 more or less equal parts. Two of them are eliminated and the tube is left with two tabs. Each one is tightened with pliers to give it a round shape and it adapts to the bar and then approaches each other. You are looking for a large brass nut that snaps into place and, without the rod; you turn the nut with force, making a thread in the copper. Then open, put the bar and do the same again and is perfectly subject. This system allows changing the bar quickly, adjusting its position, and providing a good electrical contact.

Graphite electrode is mainly used in electric arc furnace. They are presently the only products available that have the high levels of electrical conductivity and the capability of sustaining the extremely high levels of heat generated in EAF. Graphite electrodes are also used to refine steel in ladle furnaces and in other smelting processes. Graphite electrodes are divided into 4 Types: RP Graphite electrodes, HP Graphite electrodes, SHP Graphite electrodes, UHP Graphite electrodes.

Diameter and length for all grades:

Diameter mm

Length mm

Nominal Diameter

Actual Diameter

Nominal Length

Allowance

mm

inch

Max

Min

mm

Standard

Short

200

8

205

200

1800

± 100

-275

250

10

256

251

1800

300

12

307

302

1800/2000

350

14

357

352

1800/2000

400

16

409

403

1800/2000

450

18

460

454

2100/2400

500

20

511

505

2100/2400

550

22

562

556

2100/2400

600

24

613

607

2400/2700

650

26

663

657

2400/2700

700

28

714

708

2500/2700

Machining Dimension of Electrode and Nipple：

Applicable

Dia.

mm

IEC code

Nipple

Socket

Large Dia.

mm

Length

mm

Small Dia.

mm

Socket Depth

mm

UHP

SHP

HP

RP

250

155T3N

155.57

220.00

147.14

116.00

300

177T3N

177.16

270.90

168.73

141.50

350

215T3N

215.90

304.80

207.47

158.40

400

215T3N

215.90

304.80

207.47

158.40

400

241T3N

241.30

338.70

232.87

175.30

450

241T3N

Additional resources:
Modulated Speed Rotator (MSR)
HS Code 69031010 | Harmonized System Code Magnesia ...

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241.30

338.70

232.87

175.30

450

273T3N

273.05

355.60

264.62

183.80

500

273T3N

273.05

355.60

264.62

183.80

500

298T3N

298.45

372.60

290.02

192.20

550

298T3N

298.45

372.60

290.02

192.20

UHP

SHP

HP

RP

200

122T4N

122.24

177.80

115.92

94.90

250

152T4N

152.40

190.50

146.08

101.30

300

177T4N

177.80

215.90

171.48

114.00

350

203T4N

203.20

254.00

196.88

133.00

400

222T4N

222.25

304.80

215.93

158.40

400

222T4L

222.25

355.60

215.93

183.80

450

241T4N

241.30

304.80

234.98

158.40

450

241T4L

241.30

355.60

234.98

183.80

500

269T4N

269.88

355.60

263.56

183.80

500

269T4L

269.88

457.20

263.56

234.60

550

298T4N

298.45

355.60

292.13

183.80

550

298T4L

298.45

457.20

292.13

234.60

600

317T4N

317.50

355.60

311.18

183.80

600

317T4L

317.50

457.20

311.18

234.60

650

355T4N

355.60

457.20

349.28

234.60

650

355T4L

355.60

558.8

349.28

285.40

700

374T4N

374.65

457.20

368.33

234.60

700

374T4L

374.65

558.80

368.33

285.40

Graphite electrodes uses

Graphite electrodes are used primarily in electric arc furnace steel manufacturing. Graphite electrodes can provide high levels of electrical conductivity and capability of sustaining the extremely high levels of generated heat. Graphite electrodes are also used in the refinement of steel and similar smelting processes.

1. The electrode holder should be held in the place beyond the security line of the top electrode; otherwise the electrode would be easily broken. The contact surface between the holder and the electrode should be cleaned up regularly to maintain a good contacting. The cooling jacket of the holder shall be avoided from water leakage.

2. Identify the reasons if there is gap in the electrode junction, do not use the muntil the gap is eliminated.
3. If there is falling off of nipple bolt when connecting electrodes, it is necessary to complete the nipple bolt.
4. The application of electrode should avoid of tilting operation, particularly, the group of connected electrodes should not be put horizontally so as to prevent from breaking.
5. When charging materials to the furnace, the bulk materials should be charged to the place of the furnace bottom, so as to minimize the impact of the large furnace materials on the electrodes.
6. The large pieces of insulation materials should be avoided of stacking on the bottom of the electrodes when smelting, so as to prevent from affecting the electrode use, or even broken.
7. Avoid of collapsing the furnace lid when rising or dropping the electrodes, which may result in electrode damage.
8. It is necessary to prevent the steel slag from splashing to the threads of the electrodes or nipple stored in the smelting site, which my damage the precision of the threads.

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